Absolute-Gray code encoder

Gray code encoder, is well known as reflected binary code encoders, only a single bit change at each step, which can reduce encoder communication errors.

Gray code encoder is an option for serial or parallel encoder communication protocols. Parallel encoder output provides a stream of bits in quick succession. When the data is in binary format, multiple bits may change per step and in some instances, all bits may change between each read.

In some high speed applications, this may cause errors or complicated programming. Gray code reduces the bit change to only one data bit per measuring step at a time. Table: Example of conversion between straight binary and gray code encoder output.

Parallel Output Encoders

Parallel output makes all output bits available simultaneously. It may be provided as straight binary or transformed into gray code to reduce errors.

The advantage of parallel output is that it’s fast: all the data is available in real time, all the time. But the disadvantages include bulky (and higher price than incremental type encoder) cables and limited cable length.

Most encoders come with cables a meter or two long, but a parallel output using differential output (push-pull) and shielded cabling can be extended to 100 m using a thicker cable, at a reduction in speed. Open-collector (sinking or sourcing) outputs can go roughly a third that far.

Applications of gray code encoder

Gray code encoder output is commonly used in high speed applications or those with large amounts of signal noise resulting in missing signal data when reading binary data. Absolute encoders with gray code are available for point to point communication protocols.