The function and classification of the Eltra sensor

In modern industrial production, especially in the automated production process, various sensors must be used to monitor and control the various parameters in the production process to make the equipment work in a normal or optimal state and achieve the best quality of the product. Therefore, it can be said that without many excellent sensors, modern production will lose its foundation.

　　 Eltra sensors have already penetrated into such a wide range of fields as industrial production, space development, ocean exploration, environmental protection, resource investigation, medical diagnosis, biological engineering, and even cultural relic protection. It is no exaggeration to say that, from the vast space, to the vast ocean, to various complex engineering systems, almost every modern project is inseparable from a variety of sensors.

　　According to the working principle of the sensor, it can be divided into two categories: physical sensor and chemical sensor:

　　 Classification of sensor working principle Physical sensors apply physical effects, such as piezoelectric effect, magnetostriction, ionization, polarization, pyroelectric, photoelectric, magnetoelectric and other effects. Small changes in the measured signal volume will be converted into electrical signals.

　　Chemical sensors include those sensors that take chemical adsorption, electrochemical reactions and other phenomena as causal relationships. Small changes in the measured signal amount will also be converted into electrical signals.

　　Some sensors cannot be classified into either physical or chemical categories. Most sensors operate on the basis of physical principles. There are many technical problems of chemical sensors, such as reliability problems, the possibility of mass production, price problems, etc. To solve such setbacks, the application of chemical sensors will have a huge growth.

　　 Application fields and working principles of common sensors:

　　 1. According to its purpose, sensors can be classified as:

　　 pressure sensitive and force sensitive sensor position sensor

　　 Liquid level sensor Energy consumption sensor

　　 speed sensor acceleration sensor

　　 ray radiation sensor thermal sensor

　　24GHz radar sensor

　　 2. According to its principle, sensors can be classified as:

　　Vibration sensor Humidity sensor

　　Magnetic sensor gas sensor

　　Vacuum sensor, biosensor, etc.

　　 Based on its output signal, the sensor can be divided into:

　　Analog sensor——Convert the measured non-electric quantity into an analog electric signal.

　　Digital sensor-convert the measured non-electric quantity into a digital output signal (including direct and indirect conversion).

　　 Digital sensor-the output that converts the measured signal amount into a frequency signal or short-period signal (including direct or indirect conversion).

　　 switch sensor-when a measured signal reaches a certain threshold, the sensor correspondingly outputs a set low or high level signal.

　　 Under the influence of external factors, all materials will respond accordingly and characteristically. Among them, those materials that are most sensitive to external effects, that is, those with functional characteristics, are used to make the sensor's sensitive components. From the point of view of applied materials, sensors can be divided into the following categories:

　　 (1) Explore new phenomena, effects and reactions in known materials, and then enable them to be practically used in sensor technology.

　　 (2) Explore new materials and apply those known phenomena, effects and reactions to improve sensor technology.

　　(3) Explore new phenomena, new effects and reactions on the basis of researching new materials, and implement them in detail in sensor technology.

　　The progress of modern sensor manufacturing depends on the development intensity of new materials and sensitive components used in sensor technology. The basic trend of ifm sensor development is closely related to the application of semiconductor and dielectric materials. Table 1.2 shows some materials that can be used in sensor technology that can convert energy.

　　According to its manufacturing process, the sensor can be divided into:

　　Integrated sensor; thin film sensor; thick film sensor; ceramic sensor. The integrated sensor is manufactured with the standard technology of producing silicon-based semiconductor integrated circuits. Usually, the departmental circuits used for preliminary processing of the signal under test are also integrated on a unified chip.

　　 Thin film sensors are formed by thin films of corresponding sensitive materials deposited on a dielectric substrate (substrate). When using a hybrid process, departmental circuits can also be manufactured on this substrate. The thick film sensor is made by coating the slurry of the corresponding material on a ceramic substrate, which is usually made of Al2O3, and then undergoes heat treatment to form the thick film. Ceramic sensors are produced using standard ceramic processes or some variant processes (sol-gel, etc.).

　　After completing the appropriate preparatory manipulations, the formed components are sintered at high temperatures. There are many common features between the thick film and ceramic sensor processes. In some respects, the thick film process can be considered a variation of the ceramic process. Each process technology has its own strengths and weaknesses. Because of the low capital investment required for research, development, and production, and the high stability of sensor parameters, it is more reasonable to use ceramic and thick film sensors.

　　 It can be seen that the important role of sensor technology in economic development and social improvement is very significant. Countries all over the world are facing the development in this field. It is believed that in the near future, sensor technology will have a Pentium, reaching a new level equivalent to its important position.